ABSTRACT
The association of temperature and air pollutants is a very prominent factor which significantly affects human health and may cause diseases such as respiratory illness, cardiovascular mortality in spreading of different pathogenic diseases. The pandemic due to covid-19 infection may be affected by temperature and concentration of pollutants. Jaipur is one of the most polluted cities in Rajasthan of India as per World Health Organization, 2016; also, Jaipur city has a hot semi-arid climate with extremely hot summers. This fact tempered us to examine the impact of the association of temperature and pollutants on corona-virus infection in humans over Jaipur. Analysis was conducted by correlating air pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, NO2, SO2, CO) on seasonal variations because the temperature is one of the major factors in changing seasons. Association between the number of Covid cases and temperature in Jaipur was observed during December 2019 to December 2020. Seasonal analysis indicated that the intensity of Covid-19 infection varied according to increase or decrease in temperature.
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic has cracked the fragile mold of what was decided as the norm and has pushed countries to resort to various ways for survival. Tourism, a mechanism proven to bridge gaps between cultures, was worst affected on a global level, and the only flotation device utilized was policies. Yet, for states with different political ideologies, how have they responded in reality? Which ideology has become a tool to design the policy to address the tourism crisis caused by the pandemic? This has remained an unexplored field of research. Therefore, to address these questions, there is a need to look at the policies initiated by selected countries representing varied political spectrums to analyse the pragmatically working ideology during/after the pandemic. Therefore, this study aims to observe the complexities of crisis management and the shift of ideology between the usual state of government to the adoption of a foreign, even opposing ideology to rebuild after an unprecedented catastrophe. Hence, to enunciate its shift, the methodology divided its countries into ideologies based on liberal, socialist, and conservative categories and selects two countries, each of which is contributing a major portion of GDP share to the tourism industry. The study has adopted the ideological approach to examine the select policies formulated by the respective countries to revive their tourism industry, such as what are the bail-out programs, financial aids, etc. The present study relied on a meta-analysis approach to identify, summarize, and analyze how the selected countries adopted different models to identify and define policy problems. Based on the findings of the meta-analysis, the study established that countries adopted ideologies that pragmatically worked and rejected ideologies that are inherently adopted as the state's governing principle.